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This collection of articles emphasizes the critical role of renal mechanisms in maintaining acid-base balance and pH homeostasis. It covers foundational acid-base physiology, its pathophysiology, and practical clinical management, especially in kidney disease and critical care settings. Diagnostic strategies, therapeutic interventions, and advanced interpretation methods like the Stewart approach are explored. The content addresses both chronic and acute metabolic disorders, including those encountered in emergency departments, aiming to improve patient outcomes through accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment.